Bear with me...
Old Testament References to the Messiah as a Rock or Stone"But his bow abode in strength, and the arms of his hands were made strong by the hands of the mighty God of Jacob; (from thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel:)" Genesis 49:24
"Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel." Exodus 17:6
"He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he."
Psalm 118:22: "The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone of the corner." Deuteronomy 32:4
"And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem." Isaiah 8:14
"Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste." Isaiah 28:16
"Thou sawest till that a stone was cut out without hands, which smote the image upon his feet that were of iron and clay, and brake them to pieces. Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshingfloors; and the wind carried them away, that no place was found for them: and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth." Daniel 2:34-35
Jesus' References as Rock or Stone"Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?" Matthew 21:42
"And have ye not read this scripture; The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner:" Mark 12:10
"And he beheld them, and said, What is this then that is written, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner?" Luke 20:17
"And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it." Matthew 16:18
Epistolary and Revelational References"As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed." Romans 9:33
"And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ." 1 Corinthians 10:4
"To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious, Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ. Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded. Unto you therefore which believe he is precious: but unto them which be disobedient, the stone which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of the corner, And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed." 1 Peter 2:4-8
"And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone;" Ephesians 2:20
"Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house." 1 Peter 2:5
NOTE: This thought is not in any way rooted in definitive dogma but offers a different lens to view our Lord’s teachings and His metaphors.
“Is not this the carpenter's son?” Matthew13:55
The Greek word "τέκτων" (téktōn) is traditionally translated as "carpenter" in most English versions. However, its meaning is actually broader. It can include various forms of craftsmanship, including stone masonry. The English word "tectonic" is derived from téktōn, which refers to the giant plate structure or movement of the Earth's crust over the Earth's lithosphere.
In ancient times, particularly in rural Galilee, the word (téktōn) could refer to a builder or craftsman who worked with both wood and stone. This is supported by historical and archaeological evidence indicating that construction in that region often involved far more stone than wood.
The scarcity of wood in the region and the abundance of stone would naturally lead craftsmen to specialize in masonry. Wood would have been reserved for specific uses, such as roofing or interior elements, but the main construction material was stone. We could never be dogmatic about this, and why would we? But it does perhaps add some contours and textures to Jesus, His own metaphors.
We often picture our young Lord, working alongside Joseph with a crude lathe, or heavy dowels, a hammer and some nails. However, archaeological findings in Galilee reveal that buildings were predominantly made of stone. Structures from that period, including homes, synagogues, and other buildings, were constructed using abundant local materials. This practical reality suggests that a téktōn in Galilee would likely be a stone mason.
The Rock of Our SalvationThroughout the New Testament, Jesus is described as the church’s foundation. Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 3:11, "For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ." Ephesians 2:20 further illustrates this, describing believers as being built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus Himself as the chief cornerstone.
Now imagine Jesus, the stone mason's apprentice, meticulously selecting and shaping stones. Imagine Him helping his earthly father lay the foundation of a new home. This imagery aligns beautifully with Peter’s description of believers as "living stones" in 1 Peter 2:5, being selected, fashioned, and built into a spiritual house. Each stone, carefully chosen and placed, contributes to the strength and unity of the whole structure.
Working with stone is deeply grounding—an experience I’ve not shared, but countless craftsmen have through the ages. Jesus, working alongside Joseph, would have known this feeling intimately. The process of shaping stone requires creativity, ingenuity, patience, precision, and a vision for what the rough, unhewn rock could become.
To me, this brings a new dimension to Jesus' parable in Matthew 7:24-27 about the wise man who built his house upon the rock. The storms of life cannot shake a house with such a foundation. Here, Jesus possibly draws from His experience building sturdy structures as a youth. In the 17th century, when the translators of the Authorized Version published this edition, there was no “division of labor” for craftsmen as we have divided them today. “Carpenter’s son” was a very general, almost catch-all term for any ‘builder.’
Throughout His ministry, Jesus used building metaphors. In John 2:19-21, He speaks of destroying the temple and raising it again in three days, referring to His body. Now, this statement hits differently with the concept of Jesus as both the Architect and Cornerstone of our faith. He is the Master Craftsman who builds a spiritual house from the lives of His followers.
The Heavenly CraftsmanI can’t help but notice that in Revelation 21:14, the New Jerusalem is described as having twelve foundations, each inscribed with the names of the twelve apostles. This heavenly city, built with a Craftsman’s precision, has these precious stones:
Jasper
Sapphire
Chalcedony
Emerald
Sardonyx
Sardius
Chrysolite
Beryl
Topaz
Chrysoprasus
Jacinth
Amethyst
It might make little difference if Joseph was a carpenter or mason. That is why this is under “I Wonder.” For me, it opens a whole new view of the personal nature of our Lord's words. So often, He drew upon this trade in metaphor. Never once of wood except upon the structure which He died.
Imagine the depth of meaning in Christ referring to Himself as the Chief Cornerstone, the Rock upon which the church is built, the Stone the builders rejected. His parables about building on solid rock rather than shifting sands take on a tangible reality rooted in the daily labor He knew from His youth. It’s a reminder that our faith, like those ancient stones, must be shaped, crafted, and homed in that spiritual House.
Ultimately, whether working with wood or stone, the essence of Christ's message remains: He is our foundation, our strength, and our refuge. Perhaps looking at it from this perspective enriches our understanding and deepens our appreciation for the steadfast, unshakeable nature of His love and teachings. Let us build our lives on the solid rock of His words, finding strength and stability in His eternal foundation.
"The LORD liveth; and blessed be my rock; and let the God of my salvation be exalted." Psalm 18:46
Thank you for the exegesis of the Greek word "τέκτων" (téktōn), carpenter, to include stone mason. It adds to our understanding of the context of our Lord's life and work, and His sayings.
"On Christ the Solid Rock I stand, all other ground is sinking sand".